دوره 11، شماره 21 - ( بهار و تابستان 1399 )
جلد 11 شماره 21 صفحات 268-259 |
برگشت به فهرست نسخه ها
موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، سازمان تحقیقات ، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی
چکیده: (2504 مشاهده)
فرسایش خندقی یکی از خطرناکترین نوع فرسایش های آبی میباشد، به طوری که در صورت رخداد و گسترش مبارزه با آن بسیار مشکل و هزینه بر است. هدف از انجام این پژوهش که در دو منطقه صحنه و قصرشیرین در استان کرمانشاه انجام یافت، بررسی مقایسه ای برخی از آستانه های فرسایش خندقی بود. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد که تفاوتهایی در مشخصات مهم مورفومتری و آستانه توپوگرافی خندقهای مورد بررسی در دو منطقه بهدلیل شرایط متفاوت نوع سازند زمین شناسی، توپوگرافی و پوشش گیاهی وجود دارد. سازند مارنی آغاجاری در منطقه قصرشیرین به دلیل پتانسیل زیاد انحلال موجب تشکیل خندقهای متراکم با هدکتهای فعالتر گردیده است. طول آبراهه اصلی در هر دو کاربری مرتع متوسط و مرتع فقیر در منطقه صحنه (به ترتیب 296 و 312 متر) که نسبت به منطقه قصرشیرین به طور قابل توجهی کوتاهتر بود. مساحت حوضه بالادست خندق در کاربری های مرتع متوسط و مرتع فقیر در منطقه صحنه (به ترتیب 1917 و 1236 مترمربع) نسبت به منطقه قصرشیرین (به ترتیب 5503 و 3668 مترمربع) به دلیل عامل شیب کمتر بود. حداقل شیب و مساحت لازم برای آستانه فرسایش خندقی در منطقه صحنه بهترتیب حدود 11 درصد و 280 متر مربع بود، در حالیکه این مقادیر برای منطقه قصرشیرین به ترتیب 3 درصد و 1450 متر مربع بدست آمد که در منطقه قصرشیرین به دلیل سازند مارنی آغاجاری در شیب کمتری رخ داده است. آستانه توپوگرافی فرسایش خندقی در مرتع فقیر کمتر از مرتع متوسط بود. بر این اساس تفاوتهای فرسایش خندقی در دو منطقه مورد بررسی، برگرفته از متفاوت بودن شرایط زمینشناسی و توپوگرافی است، اما تفاوت آن در بین کاربری های هر منطقه ناشی از تغییرات پوشش گیاهی است. در هر دو منطقه تبدیل مراتع متوسط به مراتع فقیر منجر به کاهش پوشش گیاهی شده که در کاهش آستانه فرسایش خندقی و گسترش ابعاد آنها موثر بوده است. این روند در منطقه قصرشیرین که محل قشلاق دام عشایری است و در سالیان اخیر نیز دستخوش تغییر کاربری های مختلف بوده شدیدتر بود.
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي |
موضوع مقاله:
فرسايش خاک و توليد رسوب
دریافت: 1398/6/5 | ویرایش نهایی: 1399/6/14 | پذیرش: 1399/1/9 | انتشار: 1399/6/14
دریافت: 1398/6/5 | ویرایش نهایی: 1399/6/14 | پذیرش: 1399/1/9 | انتشار: 1399/6/14
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