دوره 9، شماره 17 - ( بهار و تابستان 1397 )
جلد 9 شماره 17 صفحات 56-49 |
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دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده: (3295 مشاهده)
با افزایش شدت بارندگی، رواناب که عاملی بسیار مهم در فرآیند فرسایش خاک محسوب می‌شود تشکیل خواهد شد. در ایجاد پدیده رواناب عواملی نظیر شرایط اقلیمی، خصوصیات هندسی حوزه آبخیز، سازندهای زمین‌شناسی، خاک، پوشش گیاهی و کاربری اراضی تاثیرگذار هستند. اگرچه در شرایط کرت‌های تحت شبیه‌سازی باران زمان انجام آزمایش محدودتر و طبعا اثر مدت بارندگی بر نتایج ملموس‌تر است، اما تاکنون این اثر کم‌تر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. لذا پژوهش حاضر به‌منظور بررسی اثر مدت بارندگی در شش سطح 5، 10، 15، 20، 25 و 30 دقیقه و هریک با سه تکرار تحت شدت باران ثابت 40 میلی‌متر بر ساعت بر مولفه‌های رواناب شامل حجم، ضریب و زمان خاتمه رواناب و همچنین غلظت رسوب انجام شد. کرت‌های صحرایی یک مترمربعی تحت شبیه‌ساز باران واقع در دامنه‌ای از ارتفاعات شرقی حوزه آبخیز کجور برای دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش حاضر انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مدت بارندگی مولفه‌های رواناب به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش یافتند اما نرخ افزایش در سطوح مختلف مدت بارندگی یکسان نبوده است. به عبارت دیگر در شرایط پژوهش حاضر، نقطه عطف پاسخ هیدرولوژیکی کرت به مدت بارندگی مابین 25 تا 30 دقیقه اتفاق افتاد، جایی‌که شیب تغییرات مولفه‌های رواناب با مدت بارندگی به‌طور قابل توجهی افزایش یافت. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مدت بارندگی غلظت رسوب کاهش یافت.
نوع مطالعه: پژوهشي |
موضوع مقاله:
هيدرولوژی
دریافت: 1394/9/16 | ویرایش نهایی: 1397/10/1 | پذیرش: 1395/10/26 | انتشار: 1397/7/4
دریافت: 1394/9/16 | ویرایش نهایی: 1397/10/1 | پذیرش: 1395/10/26 | انتشار: 1397/7/4
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