fa بهینه‌سازی شبکه باران‌سنجی با استفاده از آنتروپی اطلاعات و الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب (مطالعه موردی: حوضه شرق دریاچه ارومیه) هيدرولوژی هيدرولوژی پژوهشي Research <ul> <li dir="RTL" style="margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-autospace:none;direction:rtl;unicode-bidi:embed;"><span style="font-size:11px;"><strong>اقدام</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>اجرای</strong> <strong>پروژه‌های</strong> <strong>آبی،</strong> <strong>شناخت</strong> <strong>ویژگی‌های</strong> <strong>بارندگی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>آگاهی</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>آب</strong> <strong>‌و</strong> <strong>هوا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>اقلیم</strong> <strong>منطقه</strong> <strong>است.</strong> <strong>بارندگی&nbsp; به&shy; دلیل تغییرات</strong> <strong>مکانی</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>زمانی</strong> <strong>زیاد،</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>مقایسه</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>سایر</strong> <strong>عوامل</strong> <strong>هواشناسی،</strong> <strong>به</strong> <strong>شبکه</strong> <strong>متراکم‌تری</strong> <strong>برای</strong> <strong>دیده‌بانی</strong> <strong>نیاز</strong> <strong>دارد.</strong> <strong>ازاین &shy;رو</strong> <strong>مکان</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong>یابی</strong> <strong>بهینه</strong> <strong>احداث</strong> <strong>ایستگاه</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong>ها</strong> <strong>امری</strong> <strong>بسیار</strong> <strong>ضروری</strong> <strong>است.</strong> <strong>بنابراین ابتدا</strong> <strong>داده‌های</strong> <strong>بارش</strong> <strong>ماهانه</strong> <strong>‌ایستگاه‌های باران‌سنجی</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>سطح</strong> <strong>حوضه</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>مناطق</strong> <strong>مجاور</strong> <strong>آن‌ها</strong> <strong>جمع‌آوری گردید.</strong> <strong>سپس</strong> <strong>تمامی</strong> <strong>داده&shy; های</strong> <strong>سری</strong> <strong>زمانی</strong> <strong>مورد</strong> <strong>تحلیل</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong>های</strong> <strong>آماری ازجمله</strong> <strong>آزمون&shy;</strong> <strong>نرمال</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>همگنی</strong> <strong>قرارگرفتند</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>ایستگاه &shy;های</strong> <strong>دارای</strong> <strong>آمار</strong> <strong>خطا</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>غیرهمگن</strong> <strong>از</strong> <strong>مجموع</strong> <strong>ایستگاه&shy; ها</strong> <strong>حذف</strong> <strong>و یا اصلاح شدند. با توجه به نتایج آزمون&shy;های&shy; نرمال، بارندگی سالانه در 5 ایستگاه به &shy;دلیل کوچک بودن مقادیر آزمون&shy;ها از مقدار بحرانی آن&shy;ها، از توزیع نرمال پیروی نمی&shy; نمایند. همچنین نتایج آزمون&shy; های همگنی حاکی از آن بود که 7/91 درصد از ایستگاه&shy; های منتخب حوضه از لحاظ صحت و درستی داده &shy;های بارندگی ثبت&shy;شده مورد تأیید بوده و در ادامه، قابل استفاده در تحلیل&shy; های هیدرولوژیک و یا منابع آبی خواهند بود. با</strong> <strong>تحلیل</strong> <strong>مکانی</strong> <strong>آنتروپی</strong> <strong>بارش،</strong> <strong>مقدارآنتروپی</strong> <strong>انتقال</strong> <strong>اطلاعات</strong> <strong>در سطح</strong> <strong>حوضه</strong> <strong>محاسبه</strong> <strong>و</strong> <strong>معیاری</strong> <strong>در تعیین نقاط</strong> <strong>با پتانسیل</strong> <strong>تأسیس</strong> <strong>ایستگاه</strong> <strong>جدید</strong> <strong>در</strong> <strong>نظر</strong> <strong>گرفته</strong> <strong>شد. نتایج حاکی از این است که شش ایستگاه شبستر، شرفخانه، زرنق هریس، هرزندات، کلیبر و قوشچی سراب ضمن کسب رتبه&shy; های پایین در شبکه، وضعیتی بحرانی داشته و ضعیف&shy; ترین ایستگاه&shy;های حوضه می&shy; باشند. از سوی دیگر ایستگاه &shy;های سعیدآباد، باشسیزاوجان، مراغه، خرمازرد و شیرین&shy; کندی بالاترین رتبه &shy;ها را در میان سایر ایستگاه&shy; ها به خود اختصاص داده &shy;اند و پنج ایستگاه مهم حوزه آبخیز مورد مطالعه می&shy; باشند که مفیدترین اطلاعات در شبکه را تولید می &shy;نمایند. به&shy; منظور انجام فرآیند بهینه &shy;سازی تابع هدفی برای کل حوضه تعیین و سپس از الگوریتم کرم شب‌تاب بهره</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong>گیری شد تا بهترین جانمایی برای ایستگاه</strong><strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;">&shy;</span></span></strong><strong>های باران&shy; سنجی به &shy;دست آید. پس</strong> <strong>از بررسی</strong> <strong>نتایج</strong> <strong>مشخص گردید،</strong> <strong>بهترین</strong> <strong>جانمایی</strong> <strong>با</strong> <strong>اضافه</strong> <strong>کردن</strong> <strong>تعداد 9 ایستگاه</strong> <strong>به&shy; دست</strong> <strong>می &shy;آید.</strong></span></li> </ul> <br> <strong><span dir="LTR"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;"></span></span></span></strong> <p style="text-align: justify;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; The first step of the implementation of water projects is recognizing the characteristics of rainfall, and awareness of the weather and climate of the region. Because of the spatial and time variations of rainfall, it requires much denser network to supervise compared to the other meteorological factors. Therefore, optimal localization of the stations is very necessary<span dir="RTL">.</span> Accordingly, monthly rainfall data of rain gauge stations were collected at the basin and adjacent areas first. The primary rain gauge network was created by considering the period with the largest number of the stations, the most statistical The first step of the implementation of water projects is recognizing the characteristics of rainfall and awareness of the weather and climate of the region. Because of the spatial and time variations of rainfall, it requires much denser network to supervise compared to the other meteorological factors. Therefore, optimal localization of the stations is very necessary<span dir="RTL">.</span> Accordingly, monthly rainfall data of rain gauge stations were collected at the basin and adjacent areas first. The primary rain gauge network was created by considering the period with the largest number of the stations, the most statistical years, and the lowest rebuilding ratio. Then all of time series data were analyzed by statistical analysis including normal and homogeneous tests and stations with errors and non-homogeneous statistics were removed or modified from the total stations<span dir="RTL">.</span> According to the results of normal tests, annual rainfall in 5 stations, due to their smaller amount of tests&rsquo; values toward their critical value, does not follow normal distribution<span dir="RTL">.</span> Also, the results of homogeneous tests indicated that 91.7% of selected stations in the basin were confirmed in term of the accuracy of the recorded rainfall data and could be used in hydrological analysis or water resources after this. With the spatial analysis of the precipitation entropy, the amount of information transmission entropy was calculated in the basin area and was considered as a criterion in determining the points with the potential of establishing a new station. The results indicate that the six stations of Shabestar, Sharafkhaneh, Zarnagh-Heris, Harzandat, Kalibar and Ghoshchi-sarab, while having low ranks in the network, are in critical condition and are the weakest stations in the basin<span dir="RTL">.</span> On the other hand, the stations of Saeedabad, Bashsizovjan, Maragheh, Khormazard and Shirin Kandy have the highest rank among other stations, and are five important studied stations in the basin that produce the most useful information in the network<span dir="RTL">.</span> In order to perform the optimization process, an objective function for the whole basin was determined and then the Firefly algorithm was used to obtain the best localization for rain gauge stations<span dir="RTL">.</span> The best localization is obtained by adding 9 stations after checking the results.</p> آنتروپی انتقال اطلاعات, الگوریتم کرم شب تاب, بهینه سازی, باران سنج, مکان یابی Firefly Algorithm, Information Transmission Entropy, Optimization, Rain Gauge, Location 11 23 http://jwmr.sanru.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-11-1023-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 elmira valipour المیرا ولی پور elmira.valipoor@yahoo.com 10031947532846009375 10031947532846009375 Yes tabriz university دانشگاه تبریز Mohammad Ali Ghorbani محمدعلی قربانی ghorbani@tabrizu.ac.ir 10031947532846009376 10031947532846009376 No tabriz university دانشگاه تبریز esmaril asadi اسماعیل اسدی esasadi@gmail.com 10031947532846009377 10031947532846009377 No tabriz university دانشگاه تبریز