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Showing 5 results for Salehpour Jam
- Mahmoudreza Tabatabaei, - Amin Salehpour Jam, - Seyed Ahmad Hosseini,
Volume 10, Issue 19 (5-2019)
Volume 10, Issue 19 (5-2019)
Abstract
The estimation of the correct amount of suspended sediment has an important role in the optimal design of water structures, erosion studies and water quality studies. The sediment rating curve (SRC) is a conventional and well-known regression model. However, due to logarithmic transformations in calibrating this model, its estimated values are often less than actual values. In the present study, using the instantaneous flow discharge and suspended sediment load of Beytas hydrometric station in the Mahabad-Chai River, the SRC model was calibrated, and then using Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), the coefficients of this model optimized again. This algorithm is an automatic procedure and can use different objective functions in the calibration process simultaneously. In this regard, in the calibration process of the model, four objective functions RMSE, MAE, NSE, and LOGE were used as pairwise combinations. According to the results of the model evaluation, the NSE and LOGE objective functions were selected as the best objective functions for optimization of the model. In order to increase the power of the model's generalization, the self-organizing map (SOM) neural network was used to cluster data and form two homogeneous data sets (calibration and evaluation sets) of 70% and 30% respectively. The results showed that the use of the NSGA II algorithm resulted in improved model efficiency so that the results are much more favorable than the other results of conventional SRC models (such as the rating curve of mean load within discharge classes, SRC models corrected by correction factors). In this regard, the error value (RMSE) of the test data set in the best model of the conventional SRC models was 383.65 tons/day, which was reduced by using the NSGA II algorithm to 102.94 tons/day. In sum, using the NSGA-II algorithm, we can optimize the coefficients of the SRC model, which is more efficient than the other conventional models.
Dr Jamal Mosaffaie, Dr Amin Salehpour Jam, Dr Mohammad Jafar Soltani,
Volume 11, Issue 22 (10-2020)
Volume 11, Issue 22 (10-2020)
Abstract
Peoples’ participation in watershed development projects, in addition to reducing operating costs, can lead to more effective project implementation. Various factors causes the lack of public participation in watershed development projects. The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and prioritize these factors based on local people as well as experts viewpoints in Niarij watershed of Qazvin province. So first, these factors were identified and categorized based on the previous studies, interviews with experts, and residents and stakeholders of the watershed. Then, pairwise comparisons and likert questionnaires were prepared as a measuring tool and the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed based on the opinions of the experts. In the next step, the sample size was determined by Cochran formula and the questionnaires were completed. Finally, the indicators and sub-indicators which preventing the participation of the people were prioritized using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Friedman Test. The results showed that, from the perspective of both groups of experts and peoples, management and economic indicators have a greater role in preventing people participation in relation to social and educational indicators. The results were also indicated some differences in the importance of the sub-indices from the perspective of the two groups. From the experts' perspective, "lack of full allocation of operating funds on time" and "local and tribal disputes" are the most and least important, respectively. But from the local communities point of view, the sub-indices " lack of stakeholders consultation in the design and development of projects" and "mistrust about the benefits of projects " are ranked as the most and least important, respectively. The overall conclusion is that factors such as stakeholder consultation, decentralization of decision-making from the headquarters, NGOs activities and training of local communities along with the considering the benefits of stakeholders, and multi-purpose projects can provide the basis for local peoples’ trust and will result in participation of people in the watershed development projects.
Dr. Gholam Reza Ghahari, Dr. Seyed Masoud Soleimanpour, Dr. Amin Salehpour Jam, Dr. Ali Akbar Noroozi, Eng. Gholam Ali Nekooeian,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (4-2021)
Volume 12, Issue 23 (4-2021)
Abstract
Engaging people to conserve natural resources is the most rational way. This by reducing the running costs will guarantee the success and implementation of the projects more effectively. For this purpose, the present study was conducted to identify and prioritize the effective indices and sub-indices on the lack of sustainable participation of rural communities in aquifer management projects from the beneficiary's viewpoint in Bishezard watershed of Fars province. In this research, 83 stakeholders and residents of the watershed was chosen as statistical population using Cochran formula. To collect data, a questionnaire consisting of four indices and twelve sub-indices with Likert scale was used. The significance of indices and sub-indices was determined by SPSS software (version 23) using t-test and the Friedman nonparametric test was used to prioritize the effective indices and sub-indices. The results showed that in the prioritization of indices from the beneficiary's point of view "educational-promotion", "design-executive", "social" and "economic" indices were ranked with an average of 9.75, 9.49, 6.98 and 5.93 as effective indicators, respectively and in sub-indices, "Lack of attention to local force in project implementation (employment)" and "Late-yielding projects" with an average of 11.40 and 5.74 had the highest and lowest priority in non-participation in aquifer management projects, respectively. This finding indicates that if employment is resolved in this watershed, people are willing to take the time accomplish projects. It is recommended that managers of natural resources plan and implement practical training and promotion activities related to natural resources and aquifer management issues.
Ph.d Ebrahim Karimi Sangchini, Jamal Mosaffaie, Ph.d Amin Salehpour Jam,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (5-2022)
Volume 13, Issue 25 (5-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Since flood dwindles the assets of local communities in villages and cities by destroying agricultural products, infrastructure, buildings, and machinery, flood management is an absolute necessity for rural development. Accordingly, one of the basic strategies to control and mitigate floods in this province is to identify issues in the upstream areas and provide appropriate management responses to tackle them. Our objective can therefore be stated as follows: (A) Identifying, prioritizing and determining the trend of changes in the factors affecting flood potential in Khorramabad watershed during statistical periods, and (B) proposing and evaluating appropriate management solutions to mitigate driving forces and pressures, improve the state and reduce the relevant impacts.
Material and Methods: The Khorramabad watershed constitutes a major part of the Kashkan basin, surrounding Khorramabad County. The study area covers 1609 km2. In this research, the issues of the watershed were identified based on the literature review, questions from experts and also field visits to further formulate possible coping strategies. The conceptual model included the components of driving force, pressure, state, impact and response. Based on expert opinions, a conceptual causal-effect diagram of flood in the region was designed. Appropriate indicators were defined and quantified for each component of the model. Prioritization problems as well as to determine the most important management strategies for watershed flood management in Khorramabad, the expert opinion was used. For this purpose, a Likert scale questionnaire was used as a measurement tool. And the Friedman test was used for ranking. Also, the trend of changes in each of the DPSIR components was evaluated to evaluate the problem in time periods.
Results: Results showed that forests and pastures area has decreased by nearly 5% from 2003 to 2019. At the same time, cultivations have grown significantly by about 4%, where most of the forest and rangeland areas have been converted into agricultural lands and the natural vegetation cover of the region has been significantly reduced. The remaining one percent is devoted to the expansion of cities and villages from 3.3 in 2003 to 4.2 in 2019.According to the obtained results, the driving force of climate change (average ranked 2.93), population pressure (average ranked 2.78), and traditional livestock (average ranked 2.45) have the most important effect on the occurrence of floods, which in turn leads to reduced vegetation and land use change. The combination of these factors has caused the production of runoff and flood discharge in the region to increase sharply and the human and financial damages to increase every year. To combat this phenomenon, policies have been proposed by experts that are being implemented or can be implemented. The general results of this study show that the trend of flooding in this watershed is increasing, the pressure caused by driving forces, especially the number of surplus livestock in the watershed (with an average rank of 3.15) is intensifying. Managers' ability to reduce the power of the driving forces was very limited and the policies introduced were not able to response the need. Natural resource management protection measures (average ranked 4.95) and government financial support for flood compensation (average ranked 4.73) are the first and second ranks of managerial responses, respectively.
Conclusion: Indicators for the pressure component include road development, drought, excessive livestock grazing, and poor land management. Accordingly, the road network has expanded in the region over time. Road development is one of the general policies of any country to be able to access remote areas and to simplify their development. In this research, consulting experts introduced various policies that have been implemented or could be implemented to improve the watershed’s condition. Response policies introduced included depopulation, promoting modern livestock production methods, coping management programs including structural and biological methods, and finally providing flood mitigation assistance grants. Based on the pairwise comparisons, depopulation and modern livestock production methods are the two top management priorities in the region. But as was mentioned earlier, the pursued policies have failed to control the maximum flood discharge. As the weight of the driving force component suggests, the introduced responsive policies are either insufficient or ineffective in lowering flood risk in the watershed.
Jamal Mosaffaie, Faramarz Sarfaraz, Amin Salehpour Jam, Mahmoodreza Tabatabaei,
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2022)
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: People's participation in watershed development projects is an important factor in their success or failure. Therefore, in any watershed, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the weakness of public participation. Previous studies have rarely analyzed the factors preventing people's participation. One of the most important measures that can be taken to remove barriers to the participation of local communities in watershed management projects (biological, mechanical, biomechanical, and managerial operations) is to identify, categorize and rank the factors that weaken their participation in these projects. The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize these factors in the Ninehroud watershed of Qazvin province. A comparison was also made between the views of experts and the local community's viewpoints on the importance of these factors.
Material and Methods: Ninehrood watershed with an area of 12,336 hectares is located 30 km northeast of Qazvin. Detailed-executive studies of this watershed were approved by the technical committee of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Qazvin province in 2006 and various biological, mechanical, biomechanical, and managerial projects were implemented during the years 2009 to 2016. Identifying the factors affecting the weakness of public participation in the watershed management projects was done based on questions from experts, visits to the area, and face-to-face interviews with residents, as well as previous studies. These factors were classified into four managerial, economic, social, and educational-promotional categories which totally include 18 sub-indicators. In this study, the data collection tool was two types of questionnaires including pairwise comparisons and Likert scale questionnaires were designed and their validity was confirmed by a group of experts. In order to know the views of local communities about the importance of these factors, according to Cochran's formula, 298 samples were selected from 1323 household heads in the watershed, and questionnaires were completed. To find out the views of experts on the importance of these factors, questionnaires were also completed by 19 experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. Then, the FAHP technique and Friedman test were applied respectively to prioritize the indicators and sub-indices preventing public participation in watershed management projects.
Results: The results showed that from the perspective of both groups, managerial and economic indicators had a greater role in weak public participation than social and educational-promotional indicators. The results also indicated some differences in the importance of the sub-indices from the perspective of the two groups. From the experts' perspective, "lack of full allocation of operating funds on time" and "local and tribal disputes" with an average rank of 13.72 and 7.03 had the most and least importance respectively. This is while the watershed residents have introduced "Non-matching of proposed projects with their needs" and "lack of full allocation of operating funds on time" with an average rank of 14.96 and 3.98 as the most and the least important sub-indicators respectively. From the perspective of both groups, three sub-indicators including the lack of multipurpose projects design, the concentration of decision-making power at headquarters, and the lack of employing local laborers in project implementation (Employment), were also ranked as the first six priorities which have had more role in the weak participation of people.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed some similarities in the views of the two groups on some of the participation barriers, but in some cases, there were significant differences. Therefore, group decision-making with the presence of local communities on watershed management projects is proposed as a way to converge the views of these two groups.
Introduction and Objective: People's participation in watershed development projects is an important factor in their success or failure. Therefore, in any watershed, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting the weakness of public participation. Previous studies have rarely analyzed the factors preventing people's participation. One of the most important measures that can be taken to remove barriers to the participation of local communities in watershed management projects (biological, mechanical, biomechanical, and managerial operations) is to identify, categorize and rank the factors that weaken their participation in these projects. The purpose of this study was to identify and prioritize these factors in the Ninehroud watershed of Qazvin province. A comparison was also made between the views of experts and the local community's viewpoints on the importance of these factors.
Material and Methods: Ninehrood watershed with an area of 12,336 hectares is located 30 km northeast of Qazvin. Detailed-executive studies of this watershed were approved by the technical committee of the Natural Resources and Watershed Management Organization of Qazvin province in 2006 and various biological, mechanical, biomechanical, and managerial projects were implemented during the years 2009 to 2016. Identifying the factors affecting the weakness of public participation in the watershed management projects was done based on questions from experts, visits to the area, and face-to-face interviews with residents, as well as previous studies. These factors were classified into four managerial, economic, social, and educational-promotional categories which totally include 18 sub-indicators. In this study, the data collection tool was two types of questionnaires including pairwise comparisons and Likert scale questionnaires were designed and their validity was confirmed by a group of experts. In order to know the views of local communities about the importance of these factors, according to Cochran's formula, 298 samples were selected from 1323 household heads in the watershed, and questionnaires were completed. To find out the views of experts on the importance of these factors, questionnaires were also completed by 19 experts. The reliability of the questionnaires was assessed by Cronbach's alpha test. Then, the FAHP technique and Friedman test were applied respectively to prioritize the indicators and sub-indices preventing public participation in watershed management projects.
Results: The results showed that from the perspective of both groups, managerial and economic indicators had a greater role in weak public participation than social and educational-promotional indicators. The results also indicated some differences in the importance of the sub-indices from the perspective of the two groups. From the experts' perspective, "lack of full allocation of operating funds on time" and "local and tribal disputes" with an average rank of 13.72 and 7.03 had the most and least importance respectively. This is while the watershed residents have introduced "Non-matching of proposed projects with their needs" and "lack of full allocation of operating funds on time" with an average rank of 14.96 and 3.98 as the most and the least important sub-indicators respectively. From the perspective of both groups, three sub-indicators including the lack of multipurpose projects design, the concentration of decision-making power at headquarters, and the lack of employing local laborers in project implementation (Employment), were also ranked as the first six priorities which have had more role in the weak participation of people.
Conclusion: In general, the results of this study showed some similarities in the views of the two groups on some of the participation barriers, but in some cases, there were significant differences. Therefore, group decision-making with the presence of local communities on watershed management projects is proposed as a way to converge the views of these two groups.
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