Search published articles
Showing 9 results for Water Resources
Mahdi Soleimani Motlagh, Ali Talebi, Mehdi Zareei,
Volume 6, Issue 12 (1-2016)
Volume 6, Issue 12 (1-2016)
Abstract
Drought is a phenomenon that threating water quality in addition to its shortage. In this paper we investigate the effect of drought on surface water quality of Kashkan watershed. For this purpose, during the collection of meteorological data and water quality data during 20 years (1987 to 2009) from Meteorology and Water Resources offices of Lorestan province, initially duration and severity of meteorological and hydrological droughts were determined by SPI, RDI and SDI Indices. Later in periods that intensity and duration of drought were more than other period, percent changes of water quality to the long-term average was calculated then agricultural and drinking water quality analysis in the form of two charts Schuler and Wilcox
was performed. Also, the linear trend of data was investigated for highlighting the effect of drought on water quality changes. Results indicate that drought has significant changes in parameters of surface water resources especially EC, TDS, NA, CL and SO24.Also the results showed that water quality in terms of Schuler & Wilcox graphs has changed in effect of drought. The quality of Afarineh and Chan Anjir rivers drinking water has changed from ok classes to acceptable grade and for agricultural purposes has changed from C2S1 grade to C3S1 grade. Finally, the overall analysis of linier trend graphs shows that the increasing trend of drought has a negative impact on surface waters quality of Kashkan watershed.
, , ,
Volume 8, Issue 15 (9-2017)
Volume 8, Issue 15 (9-2017)
Abstract
In order to controlling and reducing water pollution of surface water and measures to reduce these emissions require environmental programs at watershed scale and also to ensure the cost-effectiveness of such programs, the first stage is determining critical areas that produce polluted runoff. Process-based hydrological models are useful tools for simulating of watershed processes. In this study SWAT model was used for discharge and nitrate simulation in Tallar river Basin. The modeling results calibrated and validated using SWAT-CUP software and then its evaluated using statistical indicators. For Sensitivity analysis of discharge and nitrate used from 25 and 11 parameters respectively, that the curve number (CN) recognized as the most sensitive parameter. The determination coefficient of discharge and nitrate calculated with rates of 0.68 and 0.75, and validation obtained with rates of 0.65 and 0.83, respectively. The NS coefficient for calibration process of discharge and nitrate obtained 0.67 and 0.84, respectively. Also, for validation process were 0.62 and 0.63, respectively. Finally, the discharge and nitrate maps developed for each sub-basins. The results of this study showed that the SWAT model could simulate quality and quantity of Tallar river watershed. Therefore, this model can be used as a useful tool for water resources management and planning in this watershed
Sanaz Pourfallah, Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi, Hosein Malekinezhad, Fatemeh Barzegari,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (12-2019)
Volume 10, Issue 20 (12-2019)
Abstract
The intensive use of groundwater resources has often affected ground water levels in many parts of the world. Therefore, the strategic management of water resources for better planning of water resources seems necessary. In this study SWOT strategy was applied for strategic management of water resources in Abarkouh plain. In order to launch this strategy, we first extracted the weaknesses, strengths, opportunities and threats using group decision making, and then the relative importance and overall value of each factor assessment were determined. The process involved identifying weaknesses and strengths of the study area and opportunities and threats present in the water resources. These parameters were extracted using collaborative decision-making and then the relative importance and final value of each factors in the strategic SWOT analysis matrix were determined. The results of this study showed that the external and internal factors evaluation matrix was 2.25 and 2.18, respectively, which indicates overcoming the weakness to power and threats to opportunities. In other words, the condition of the Abarkuh Plain is located in the Weaknesses-Threats (WT) column with a defensive strategy. These results indicate that water resources condition is critical in Abarkuh Plain. To manage this crisis, the best management strategies were extracted from the strategic SWOT analysis matrix including: agricultural well equipment using flow meters, changing irrigation methods (underground, injecting, dripping) changing the crop patterns (pistachio, pomegranate and other low-water products), using non-living windbreaker and greenhouse shading, and finally drinking and sanitation water separating.
Hamidreza Mojiri, Amirhossein Halabian,
Volume 10, Issue 20 (12-2019)
Volume 10, Issue 20 (12-2019)
Abstract
Mehrgerd region of Semirom County has been facing the water shortage for several years. The emergence of drought has led to a decline in water resources in recent years; and there are various reasons for climate change and increased consumption in order to reduce water resources. The present study aimed to investigate the process of temperature and precipitation variations and its possible effects on groundwater resources. Therefore, the Mann–Kendall test was applied to the climatic data of five selected stations during a 28-year statistical period as well as the groundwater level statistics of 33 observation wells. Effects of temporal temperature and precipitation variations on water resources were assessed using the correlation between climatic parameters, SPI drought index and water resources statistics. Results indicated that the average monthly temperature had an ascending trend in Mehrgerd region especially in winter and it could lead to changes in types of precipitation and early snow melting. The precipitation had no significant trend in most months (except for the observed precipitation reduction in January and March). Groundwater resources had a significant descending trend in almost all months of year. The study on the relationships of precipitation parameter and water resources of region indicated that the precipitation parameter affected groundwater resources with a delay of 6 months. The effects of wet and dry periods on the status of groundwater level are quite obvious; and the groundwater level of plain has had an annual decline since the onset of a drought period in 2008. Despite the fact that this level has fluctuated with the severity and weakness of drought in subsequent years, but the reduction of water level has been the overall trend of groundwater level in Mehrgerd plain.
Mr Sayed Abdoulreza Musavi, Professor Karim Solaimani, Dr Fatemeh Shokrian, Mr Sayed Hussein Roshun,
Volume 12, Issue 23 (4-2021)
Volume 12, Issue 23 (4-2021)
Abstract
drinking and industrial sectors are very emphasis in our country. Agricultural activities have a very high contribution in harvesting of groundwater aquifers. So, today, irregular extraction of these sources caused to decrees the quantitative and qualitative aquifers characteristics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of meteorological drought on groundwater quality and quantity in Lordegan plain in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. For this purpose, quantity and quality of groundwater data (20 piezometric wells) and precipitation data (7 rain gauge stations) from the regional water supply company of the Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province was obtained. Then, using Run-Test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, homogeneity and normality of the data were tested. In the following, the DIP software was used to estimate the standardized precipitation index (SPI). Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) was calculated using Excel formulation software. The results of this study showed that the Groundwater Resource Index (GRI) for most years was mild and moderate, and less severe and very severe droughts. Also, based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI), most droughts were mild to moderate. Thus, according to SPI and GRI indices, the plain experienced meteorological and groundwater droughts. Spatial meteorological and groundwater drought maps indicate that drought has been occurred in central and eastern, also in eastern and northeast part of plain, respectively.
Javad Hosseinzad, Mehri Raei, Dr. Mohammad Ali Ghorbani,
Volume 12, Issue 24 (9-2021)
Volume 12, Issue 24 (9-2021)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Given the limited available water resources, the conflict-laden issues of water allocation have become a challenging issue for planners and water consumers. The existence of different types of uncertainties and climate change conditions in the water resources systems intensify the complexity of the optimal allocation process of water resources in the agricultural field. Therefore, In the present study, it is tried to optimally allocate water resources in Marand watershed by developing a mathematical planning model that is capable of dynamics and uncertainty conditions both in the parameters of objective functions and in constraints.
Material and Methods: In this study, an uncertainty-based interactive multi-stage stochastic programming (UIMSP) approach is proposed by incorporating the fractile criterion method and chance-constrained programming within a multi-stage decision-making framework for agricultural water resource management in various planning horizon. A two-period scenario tree with different probabilities for violating constraints (α) and various satisfactory levels of the objective function (β) were selected.
Results: The results indicates that the minimum and maximum benefits of the system are [46.6, 983.6] × 1010 (Rials) and [699.7, 1483.1] × 1010 (Rials) when
α=0.01
and 
, 
β=0.9 , respectively. In addition, an increase in satisfactory levels of the objective function (β) led to a gradual decrease in both upper and lower bound of the total net benefits at each given probability level of violating constraint (α), while any change in probability of constraint violation (α
) resulted in creating a significant change in the system profits. Also, the results of the UIMSP model show that water scarcity is observed in different scenarios due to insufficient water resources in Marand watershed. However, according to the results, in the second period, despite the decrease in the amount of water available, the amount of water shortage has decreased with increasing irrigation efficiency. For example, under medium flow level, the amount of surface and groundwater shortages in the first period is 43.6% and 32.5%, respectively, while it is reduced by [36.9, 24.5] and [24.5, 0] percent in the second period.
Conclusion: The results can help decision-makers examine potential interactions between risks related to the stochastic objective function and constraints. Also, increasing irrigation efficiency and upgrading irrigation systems are among the main strategies that can provide an economic benefit to farmers while reducing environmental damage.
Introduction and Objective: Given the limited available water resources, the conflict-laden issues of water allocation have become a challenging issue for planners and water consumers. The existence of different types of uncertainties and climate change conditions in the water resources systems intensify the complexity of the optimal allocation process of water resources in the agricultural field. Therefore, In the present study, it is tried to optimally allocate water resources in Marand watershed by developing a mathematical planning model that is capable of dynamics and uncertainty conditions both in the parameters of objective functions and in constraints.
Material and Methods: In this study, an uncertainty-based interactive multi-stage stochastic programming (UIMSP) approach is proposed by incorporating the fractile criterion method and chance-constrained programming within a multi-stage decision-making framework for agricultural water resource management in various planning horizon. A two-period scenario tree with different probabilities for violating constraints (α) and various satisfactory levels of the objective function (β) were selected.
Results: The results indicates that the minimum and maximum benefits of the system are [46.6, 983.6] × 1010 (Rials) and [699.7, 1483.1] × 1010 (Rials) when
α=0.01 and , β=0.9 , respectively. In addition, an increase in satisfactory levels of the objective function (β) led to a gradual decrease in both upper and lower bound of the total net benefits at each given probability level of violating constraint (α), while any change in probability of constraint violation (α) resulted in creating a significant change in the system profits. Also, the results of the UIMSP model show that water scarcity is observed in different scenarios due to insufficient water resources in Marand watershed. However, according to the results, in the second period, despite the decrease in the amount of water available, the amount of water shortage has decreased with increasing irrigation efficiency. For example, under medium flow level, the amount of surface and groundwater shortages in the first period is 43.6% and 32.5%, respectively, while it is reduced by [36.9, 24.5] and [24.5, 0] percent in the second period.Conclusion: The results can help decision-makers examine potential interactions between risks related to the stochastic objective function and constraints. Also, increasing irrigation efficiency and upgrading irrigation systems are among the main strategies that can provide an economic benefit to farmers while reducing environmental damage.
Fatemeh Einloo, Mohammad Reza Ekhtesasi, Mehdi Ghorbani, Parviz Abdinejad,
Volume 13, Issue 25 (5-2022)
Volume 13, Issue 25 (5-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Lack of rainfall, reckless grow of planting the agricultural products, uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater resources and lack of proper plans to reduce the adverse effects of the water crisis, has caused a sharp decline in the country's aquifers. The main objective of this study is to strategic management of water resources to determine the most appropriate management strategies for aquifer balancing.
Material and Methods: Determining the most appropriate management strategies for balancing the Abhar plain aquifer has been done using the SWOT strategy formulation method. The most important internal and external factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) affecting water resources based on statistics and information collected, identified and after completing the questionnaire and survey, using group decision-making, the best strategy and applicable management approaches were explained.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the weakness outweighs strengths as well as threats over opportunities. In other words, from the perspective of the experts present at the brainstorming session, the conditions of Abhar plain are in the quarter of weaknesses-threats (WT) with a defensive strategy that indicates the critical condition of Abhar plain aquifer in terms of the status of available water resources. Therefore, considering the current critical conditions of Abhar plain, the importance of optimal management, prevention of uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater resources, considering the most important weaknesses and main threats in this plain and the results of SWOT analytical model, the most appropriate solutions achieving the goal of balancing the groundwater aquifer of Abhar plain, are consist of focusing on land integration and preventing their fragmentation through integrated pressurized irrigation systems, changing the type of cultivation, irrigation method, benefiting from suitable climatic conditions for species cultivation low water demand, suitable geographical location in order to develop low water demand industries and equip water wells with smart meters to control and manage consumption. On the other hand implement watershed management and artificial recharge measures to prevent floods and loss of water resources and surface runoff harvesting was determined to control, manage and optimally use surface water resources and reduce abstraction from groundwater aquifers.
Conclusion: Using the capacity of opportunities and strengths ahead, Abhar plain aquifer strategy can be upgraded to ST strategy as well as WO and will be controlled the decreasing trend of Abhar plain aquifer volume.
Introduction and Objective: Lack of rainfall, reckless grow of planting the agricultural products, uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater resources and lack of proper plans to reduce the adverse effects of the water crisis, has caused a sharp decline in the country's aquifers. The main objective of this study is to strategic management of water resources to determine the most appropriate management strategies for aquifer balancing.
Material and Methods: Determining the most appropriate management strategies for balancing the Abhar plain aquifer has been done using the SWOT strategy formulation method. The most important internal and external factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) affecting water resources based on statistics and information collected, identified and after completing the questionnaire and survey, using group decision-making, the best strategy and applicable management approaches were explained.
Results: The results of this study indicate that the weakness outweighs strengths as well as threats over opportunities. In other words, from the perspective of the experts present at the brainstorming session, the conditions of Abhar plain are in the quarter of weaknesses-threats (WT) with a defensive strategy that indicates the critical condition of Abhar plain aquifer in terms of the status of available water resources. Therefore, considering the current critical conditions of Abhar plain, the importance of optimal management, prevention of uncontrolled abstraction of groundwater resources, considering the most important weaknesses and main threats in this plain and the results of SWOT analytical model, the most appropriate solutions achieving the goal of balancing the groundwater aquifer of Abhar plain, are consist of focusing on land integration and preventing their fragmentation through integrated pressurized irrigation systems, changing the type of cultivation, irrigation method, benefiting from suitable climatic conditions for species cultivation low water demand, suitable geographical location in order to develop low water demand industries and equip water wells with smart meters to control and manage consumption. On the other hand implement watershed management and artificial recharge measures to prevent floods and loss of water resources and surface runoff harvesting was determined to control, manage and optimally use surface water resources and reduce abstraction from groundwater aquifers.
Conclusion: Using the capacity of opportunities and strengths ahead, Abhar plain aquifer strategy can be upgraded to ST strategy as well as WO and will be controlled the decreasing trend of Abhar plain aquifer volume.
Lila Nezhadi, Ali Shahnazari, Mohamadtaghi Azimi, Seyedhossin Yasobi,
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2022)
Volume 13, Issue 26 (12-2022)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Ab-Bandan is a native or man-made pond in northern Iran that is used to store surface water. Secondary uses of these structures include fish farming and recreation areas. These water bodies can increase pollutants and their penetration into the aquifer, by accumulating water for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their qualitative conditions and their impact on the ecosystem of the region.
Material and Methods: In this study, to investigate the effect of Ab-Bandans on the aquifer, the water quality of three Ab-Bandans in Mazandaran province and the wells around them have been investigated. Wells were selected at approximately 100, 200, and 300 m distances around the Ab-Bandans. During three-month periods with an interval of 15 days, water from the Ab-Bandans and surrounding wells was sampled. The parameters of nitrate, nitrite, PH, EC, and TDS were measured to determine the water quality of the Ab-Bandan and its effect on the aquifer.
Results: Results have shown that the water quality of Ab-Bandansis in good condition for fish farming. In agricultural use, only the pH parameter is higher than the allowable range, which is normal for Ab-Bandans and swamps. Investigation of wells' water quality also shows that their quality is favorable for drinking use - which is their most important use, and only in some wells, initial treatment is required. Qualitative comparison to evaluate the quality changes at different distances from the Ab-Bandan shows that the amount of contaminants decreases with increasing distance from the Ab-bandan. Between the second well and the third well, the changes in the parameters are about 0.5% and in the distance of 300 meters of the wells, the quality conditions of the aquifer can be considered stable and it can be stated that the Ab-Bandan no longer affects the water quality of the aquifer.
Conclusion: Investigations show that the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan are in favorable condition for use in fish farming. In agricultural use, pH is higher than the permissible range, which was related to the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan.
Introduction and Objective: Ab-Bandan is a native or man-made pond in northern Iran that is used to store surface water. Secondary uses of these structures include fish farming and recreation areas. These water bodies can increase pollutants and their penetration into the aquifer, by accumulating water for a long time. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate their qualitative conditions and their impact on the ecosystem of the region.
Material and Methods: In this study, to investigate the effect of Ab-Bandans on the aquifer, the water quality of three Ab-Bandans in Mazandaran province and the wells around them have been investigated. Wells were selected at approximately 100, 200, and 300 m distances around the Ab-Bandans. During three-month periods with an interval of 15 days, water from the Ab-Bandans and surrounding wells was sampled. The parameters of nitrate, nitrite, PH, EC, and TDS were measured to determine the water quality of the Ab-Bandan and its effect on the aquifer.
Results: Results have shown that the water quality of Ab-Bandansis in good condition for fish farming. In agricultural use, only the pH parameter is higher than the allowable range, which is normal for Ab-Bandans and swamps. Investigation of wells' water quality also shows that their quality is favorable for drinking use - which is their most important use, and only in some wells, initial treatment is required. Qualitative comparison to evaluate the quality changes at different distances from the Ab-Bandan shows that the amount of contaminants decreases with increasing distance from the Ab-bandan. Between the second well and the third well, the changes in the parameters are about 0.5% and in the distance of 300 meters of the wells, the quality conditions of the aquifer can be considered stable and it can be stated that the Ab-Bandan no longer affects the water quality of the aquifer.
Conclusion: Investigations show that the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan are in favorable condition for use in fish farming. In agricultural use, pH is higher than the permissible range, which was related to the quality conditions of the Ab-Bandan.
Abbas Bakhtiarifar, Mohammad Albaji, Mona Golabi, Saeid Boroomand Nasab, Ali Shahnazari,
Volume 14, Issue 28 (11-2023)
Volume 14, Issue 28 (11-2023)
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction and Objective: In recent years, the use of SWAT model has been used as a common tool for simulating flow rate, sediment production and evaluating different scenarios to reduce sediment production and runoff. The current research also aims to evaluate the changes in runoff and sediment under the influence of irrigation water reduction, using the SWAT model in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River.
Material and Methods: Recalibration and validation of the model for simulating runoff (Shoshtar, Arab Asad, Shavor Bridge, Harmeleh and Bamdej stations) and sedimentation (Shoshtar, Shavor Bridge, Harmaleh and Bamdezh stations) using statistical data from 1995 to 2012 and 2013 It was done until 2017. The simulation results were also evaluated using R2 and NSE coefficients. Then the scenarios of 10, 20 and 30% reduction of irrigation water were introduced to the model to evaluate their effect on runoff and sedimentation of the study area.
Results: The results of model evaluation using R2 and NSE coefficients indicate the appropriate performance of the model in simulating the mentioned parameters. The results of the evaluation of scenarios of 10, 20 and 30 percent reduction of irrigation water show that applying the 10 percent scenario had the least impact on the amount of sedimentation. On the other hand, applying the scenario of 30% reduction of irrigation water will increase the runoff (30-60%) due to the reduction of the collection of runoffs for irrigation purposes and consequently the increase of the amount of sediment (20-50%) in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River. The obtained results indicate that the increase in the amount of runoff in the basin, especially in the rainy season, has caused an increase in erosion and consequently an increase in sediment in the basin. Therefore, it can be stated that the time of applying the scenario and the characteristics of the soil in the area are the most effective components on the amount of runoff and sediment in the basin.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, according to the effect of runoff on erosion and the amount of sediment in a watershed, it is necessary to use methods to control and reduce runoff, such as watershed operations, structures to contain and store runoff, and use modern irrigation methods to prevent soil erosion. Because traditional irrigation methods, in addition to water losses, cause a decrease in soil fertility and an increase in sediment in the drains of agricultural lands. In lands that are irrigated by traditional methods, sometimes the amount of water used is more than the infiltration capacity of the soil. This causes erosion of the surface layer of the soil by the runoff from water accumulation. Therefore, agricultural management approaches in basins prone to soil erosion should be focused on modern irrigation methods with minimum runoff and drainage output.
Introduction and Objective: In recent years, the use of SWAT model has been used as a common tool for simulating flow rate, sediment production and evaluating different scenarios to reduce sediment production and runoff. The current research also aims to evaluate the changes in runoff and sediment under the influence of irrigation water reduction, using the SWAT model in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River.
Material and Methods: Recalibration and validation of the model for simulating runoff (Shoshtar, Arab Asad, Shavor Bridge, Harmeleh and Bamdej stations) and sedimentation (Shoshtar, Shavor Bridge, Harmaleh and Bamdezh stations) using statistical data from 1995 to 2012 and 2013 It was done until 2017. The simulation results were also evaluated using R2 and NSE coefficients. Then the scenarios of 10, 20 and 30% reduction of irrigation water were introduced to the model to evaluate their effect on runoff and sedimentation of the study area.
Results: The results of model evaluation using R2 and NSE coefficients indicate the appropriate performance of the model in simulating the mentioned parameters. The results of the evaluation of scenarios of 10, 20 and 30 percent reduction of irrigation water show that applying the 10 percent scenario had the least impact on the amount of sedimentation. On the other hand, applying the scenario of 30% reduction of irrigation water will increase the runoff (30-60%) due to the reduction of the collection of runoffs for irrigation purposes and consequently the increase of the amount of sediment (20-50%) in the irrigation and drainage network of Dez River. The obtained results indicate that the increase in the amount of runoff in the basin, especially in the rainy season, has caused an increase in erosion and consequently an increase in sediment in the basin. Therefore, it can be stated that the time of applying the scenario and the characteristics of the soil in the area are the most effective components on the amount of runoff and sediment in the basin.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained, according to the effect of runoff on erosion and the amount of sediment in a watershed, it is necessary to use methods to control and reduce runoff, such as watershed operations, structures to contain and store runoff, and use modern irrigation methods to prevent soil erosion. Because traditional irrigation methods, in addition to water losses, cause a decrease in soil fertility and an increase in sediment in the drains of agricultural lands. In lands that are irrigated by traditional methods, sometimes the amount of water used is more than the infiltration capacity of the soil. This causes erosion of the surface layer of the soil by the runoff from water accumulation. Therefore, agricultural management approaches in basins prone to soil erosion should be focused on modern irrigation methods with minimum runoff and drainage output.
| Page 1 from 1 |
Related Websites
Site Keywords
Watershed , Management ,Vote
© 2025 CC BY-NC 4.0 | Journal of Watershed Management Research
Designed & Developed by : Yektaweb